The estate record is an owner's whole position: every instrument, lease, division order, volume, receipt and expense, and how they connect. Operators change, purchasers are acquired, wells are recompleted, generations turn over. The record persists. Keeping it is what we are hired to do.
Title is the record of who owns the minerals and how that ownership arrived. The record carries the instrument itself, its legal description by section, township and range or by survey and abstract, the net mineral acres it conveys, and where it is recorded. When a purchaser's records disagree with ours, this is what we go back to.
An oil and gas lease is the agreement that gives an operator the right to develop minerals, but does not relinquish ownership. We negotiate the best possible terms that determine what the owner is paid: royalty rate, primary term, extension options, shut-in and pooling provisions, and whether post-production deductions are permitted. Expiration dates are tracked forward so a lease lapse does not go unnoticed.
A producing property references either a stand-alone well or a group of wells within a pool, unit, or tract. The classification is used to determine the royalty interest paid to the owner. Those numbers don't always agree between an operator, a purchaser, and an owner's own records, and reconciling them is most of the work. Every revenue line, expense, division order, and production volume in the system hangs off one.
An Authority for Expenditure is the operator's estimate of what a well will cost, sent for approval before it is drilled. For a working interest owner it is the moment to elect: participate, or go non-consent and take the penalty.
Expenses are what comes out before an owner is paid: post-production deductions for gathering, compression, dehydration, processing and transportation, and severance and ad valorem taxes. Whether a deduction is permitted is a lease question, not an accounting one; which is why the lease and the expense live in the same record.
Revenue is the detail: the purchaser, property, product, production month, volume, price, decimal interest, and deductions taken. It is the most granular record in the system and the longest-running. Fifteen years of it on a single property is what makes an underpayment visible. One month never is.
Production is the volume of minerals pulled out of the ground and processed to make it marketable: oil in barrels, gas in Mcf, by month, by well. It is stated on the revenue details provided by the operator or first purchaser, and also reported to the state regulatory agency. Production is the check on revenue: volumes that move without a corresponding payment are the first sign something is wrong.
A division order is the purchaser's statement of what it believes an owner's decimal interest to be, sent for signature before payment begins. It is not title and it does not change ownership; it records what the purchaser will pay on. We compute the interest independently from the title record and compare. A division order signed without that check locks in someone else's arithmetic.